A:
B:
cigarette delivers a small amount of polonium 210 to our lungs.smoke 6 trillion cigarettes a year.300 chest x-rays a year for a person who smokes one and a half packs per day.Polonium causes thousands of deaths a year in the U,S alone.The tobacco industry known about polonium in cigarettes for 50 years.Forcing industries to get rid of polonium could be one way to make cigarettes less deadly.First time that polonium 210 was making its way into lungs of smokers was by chance. She found no signs of polonium, but then realized that the polonium turned into vapor and goes into the lungs while smoking.He was able to demonstrate that the polonium collected up in specific areas of the lung.Over the next 10 years, scientists continued to research polonium in the cigarette smoke and how the radioisotope gets into the tobacco plant.polonium 210 may be responsible for 2% of smoke-induced lung cancers and for several thousands of deaths a year in the U.S alone.Lawsuits brought by 46 U.S states against the industry forced manufacturers to admit that smoking is dangerous and addictive and resulted in the release of millions of internal documents.Another option was to wash tobacco leaves with dilute solution of hydrogen peroxide.Other ideas like using fertilizers with limited uranium from the cured tobacco leaf.Industry refusal to face a problem has only delayed it.After the passing of The Family Smoking and Tobacco Control Act, the American Cancer Society lauded it for requiring the tobacco industry to disclose the poison in its products.The World Health organization has made it clear that smoking is the most avoidable C.O.D.1.3 million people die of lung cancer every year. 90% because of smokin.If polonium has been reduced through methods known to the industry, thousands of those deaths could be avoided
C:
The commercial fertilizer had 13x more radium 226 than the special mix.Martell suggested that soils containing uranium-rich phosphate fertilizer would release radon 222 into the atmosphere, raising concentration above normal levels.Radon would decay into lead 210, which would deposit on growing plants, sticking to thousands of little hairs called trichomes that cover tobacco leaves.Manufacturers devised cut down isotope concentrations in cigarette smoke.Big Tobacco decided to do nothing about it and keep research a secret. The consequence is that cigarettes still contain as much polonium today as they did half a century ago.Legislation brings tobacco under jurisdiction of the FDA, allowing the agency to regulate components of cigarettes.
So What?
Hunt had two speculations: daughter isotopes of radon 222 and lead 210 settled on leaves or lead 210 in fertilized soil was absorbed through plant roots.Martell was concerned with the buildup of polonium 210 in particular areas of the lung.
Say Who?
Brianna Rego
What If?
Tobacco industry continued to monitor external research on the subject and to explore solutions of the polonium problem.
This Remind Me Of?
Polonium 210 is a decay product of lead 210. He said that because of smokers' chronic exposure to low, concentrated doses, polonium 210 was the primary cause of their lung cancer and other types of cancer.High exposure associated with a lifetime of smoking would leave the smoker at a risk of cancer despite the low dose of polonium 210 per cigarette.
- cigarette delivers a small amount of polonium 210 to our lungs.
- smoke 6 trillion cigarettes a year
- 300 chest x-rays a year for a person who smokes one and a half packs per day
- Polonium causes thousands of deaths a year in the U,S alone
- The tobacco industry known about polonium in cigarettes for 50 years.
- Manufacturers devised cut down isotope concentrations in cigarette smoke.
- Big Tobacco decided to do nothing about it and keep research a secret.
- The consequence is that cigarettes still contain as much polonium today as they did half a century ago
- Legislation brings tobacco under jurisdiction of the FDA, allowing the agency to regulate components of cigarettes.
- Forcing industries to get rid of polonium could be one way to make cigarettes less deadly
- First time that polonium 210 was making its way into lungs of smokers was by chance.
- Vilma R. Hunt and colleagues at Harvard were developing a technique to measure levels of radium and polonium.
- One day in 1964, she decided to test on cigarette ash.
- She found no signs of polonium, but then realized that the polonium turned into vapor and goes into the lungs while smoking
- He was able to demonstrate that the polonium collected up in specific areas of the lung
- Over the next 10 years, scientists continued to research polonium in the cigarette smoke and how the radioisotope gets into the tobacco plant
- Polonium 210 is a decay product of lead 210. Hunt had two speculations: daughter isotopes of radon 222 and lead 210 settled on leaves or lead 210 in fertilized soil was absorbed through plant roots
- The commercial fertilizer had 13x more radium 226 than the special mix.
- Martell suggested that soils containing uranium-rich phosphate fertilizer would release radon 222 into the atmosphere, raising concentration above normal levels.
- Radon would decay into lead 210, which would deposit on growing plants, sticking to thousands of little hairs called trichomes that cover tobacco leaves.
- Martell was concerned with the buildup of polonium 210 in particular areas of the lung. He said that because of smokers' chronic exposure to low, concentrated doses, polonium 210 was the primary cause of their lung cancer and other types of cancer.
- High exposure associated with a lifetime of smoking would leave the smoker at a risk of cancer despite the low dose of polonium 210 per cigarette.
- polonium 210 may be responsible for 2% of smoke-induced lung cancers and for several thousands of deaths a year in the U.S alone.
- Lawsuits brought by 46 U.S states against the industry forced manufacturers to admit that smoking is dangerous and addictive and resulted in the release of millions of internal documents
- Memos show that the tobacco manufacturers were concerned that they might suffer a public affairs disaster if what they knew about polonium came to light. Aware of the risk, the industry began to devote extensive manpower and money to develop internal research programs on polonium.
- Tobacco industry continued to monitor external research on the subject and to explore solutions of the polonium problem.
- Industry debated the drawbacks and benefits
- Another option was to wash tobacco leaves with dilute solution of hydrogen peroxide.
- Other ideas like using fertilizers with limited uranium from the cured tobacco leaf.
- Industry refusal to face a problem has only delayed it.
- After the passing of The Family Smoking and Tobacco Control Act, the American Cancer Society lauded it for requiring the tobacco industry to disclose the poison in its products.
- The World Health organization has made it clear that smoking is the most avoidable C.O.D.
- 1.3 million people die of lung cancer every year. 90% because of smoking
- If polonium has been reduced through methods known to the industry, thousands of those deaths could be avoided
B:
cigarette delivers a small amount of polonium 210 to our lungs.smoke 6 trillion cigarettes a year.300 chest x-rays a year for a person who smokes one and a half packs per day.Polonium causes thousands of deaths a year in the U,S alone.The tobacco industry known about polonium in cigarettes for 50 years.Forcing industries to get rid of polonium could be one way to make cigarettes less deadly.First time that polonium 210 was making its way into lungs of smokers was by chance. She found no signs of polonium, but then realized that the polonium turned into vapor and goes into the lungs while smoking.He was able to demonstrate that the polonium collected up in specific areas of the lung.Over the next 10 years, scientists continued to research polonium in the cigarette smoke and how the radioisotope gets into the tobacco plant.polonium 210 may be responsible for 2% of smoke-induced lung cancers and for several thousands of deaths a year in the U.S alone.Lawsuits brought by 46 U.S states against the industry forced manufacturers to admit that smoking is dangerous and addictive and resulted in the release of millions of internal documents.Another option was to wash tobacco leaves with dilute solution of hydrogen peroxide.Other ideas like using fertilizers with limited uranium from the cured tobacco leaf.Industry refusal to face a problem has only delayed it.After the passing of The Family Smoking and Tobacco Control Act, the American Cancer Society lauded it for requiring the tobacco industry to disclose the poison in its products.The World Health organization has made it clear that smoking is the most avoidable C.O.D.1.3 million people die of lung cancer every year. 90% because of smokin.If polonium has been reduced through methods known to the industry, thousands of those deaths could be avoided
C:
The commercial fertilizer had 13x more radium 226 than the special mix.Martell suggested that soils containing uranium-rich phosphate fertilizer would release radon 222 into the atmosphere, raising concentration above normal levels.Radon would decay into lead 210, which would deposit on growing plants, sticking to thousands of little hairs called trichomes that cover tobacco leaves.Manufacturers devised cut down isotope concentrations in cigarette smoke.Big Tobacco decided to do nothing about it and keep research a secret. The consequence is that cigarettes still contain as much polonium today as they did half a century ago.Legislation brings tobacco under jurisdiction of the FDA, allowing the agency to regulate components of cigarettes.
So What?
Hunt had two speculations: daughter isotopes of radon 222 and lead 210 settled on leaves or lead 210 in fertilized soil was absorbed through plant roots.Martell was concerned with the buildup of polonium 210 in particular areas of the lung.
Say Who?
Brianna Rego
What If?
Tobacco industry continued to monitor external research on the subject and to explore solutions of the polonium problem.
This Remind Me Of?
Polonium 210 is a decay product of lead 210. He said that because of smokers' chronic exposure to low, concentrated doses, polonium 210 was the primary cause of their lung cancer and other types of cancer.High exposure associated with a lifetime of smoking would leave the smoker at a risk of cancer despite the low dose of polonium 210 per cigarette.