Case Study: Palm Beach County, Florida: Water Use, Conservation and Reuse
What are some of the benefits of using reclaimed water?
People living around the commpany don't have enough of money to live it because the reclaimed water is cheaper than normal water. The reclaimed water has been traces of the phosphorus and the nitrogen.
1: What are some of the factors that make water so special?
The water is have a really high capacity that can absorb and store the heat. It also have high surface tension and it can dissolve a great variety of compounds, it compound when solid form that lighter than the liquid form.
2: What is the largest reservoir of water on Earth?
Ocean
What is the largest reservoir of freshwater on Earth?
Lakes
3: What is the residence time of water in the atmosphere? Groundwater and Streams
9 days
4: What is the water table?
Upper surface of groundwater below which soil is saturated with water that fills all voids and interstices, and where the pressure of water in the soil equals the atmospheric pressure.
5: What is a discharge zone?
A designated body of water that prohibits the discharge of treated and untreated boat sewage.
6: What is an aquifer?
A body of saturated rock through which water can easily move
What is a cone of depression? How is it created?
The cone of depression is a valley, an upside-down cone of water, created by a well when it pulls groundwater to the surface of the earth to use for drinking water or electricity. As the well pulls water up from underground, soils falls inward, which creates a cone shape.
7: What is an effluent stream?
It maintained during the dry season which is by the groundwater seepage that is going into the stream channel .
What is a stream that flows all year called?
Perennial stream
8: What is an influent stream?
Positioned above the water table and discharges into the underlying groundwater system
What is a stream that doesn’t flow all year called?
Ephemeral stream
Water Supply: A U.S. Example
9: What is a water budget? How is it calculated?
The indoor and outdoor water budgets are the amount of water a household will require based on the size of the family, number and types of fixtures, and landscape needs.
Precipitation and Runoff Patterns
10: What is the average water use for people in the U.S.?
200 gallons/ person
What is the average water use for people in Europe?
100 gallons/ person
What is the average water use for people in Sub-Saharan Africa?
5 gallons/person
Groundwater Use and Problems
11: How many people in the U.S. use groundwater as a source of drinking water?
About half of people
12: What problems can groundwater overdraft cause?
Damage to river ecosystems and land subsidence
13: What is happening to the Ogallala Aquifer (High Plains Aquifer)?
The water at the OA( Ogallala Aquifer) has been use 20x than the rate at naturally replaces. The water table is declined and it cause the yield to decease and also the energy cost for the pumping the water to rise.
Desalination as a Water Source
14: What is the percentage of salt in saltwater? ______%
3.5%
15: To be used as a freshwater source, the salt content must be reduced to about ____%
0.05%
16: What are some of the environmental impacts of desalination?
It increase salinity in another body of water and it also kill plants and animals
Water Use
17: Describe the difference between off-stream use and in-stream use.
Off- stream use is water with drawn from surface or groundwater sources for use at another place.
In-stream use is refers to water use taking place within a stream channel.
18: What is one of the issues with off-stream use in the Pacific Northwest?
The issues with off stream use in the Pacific northwest is the fish. It has been decline because the other uses have been reduced stream flow to the point where the fish habitats are damaged.
19: Describe what happened to the Aral Sea.
The Aral Sea was once the fourth largest inland body of water on earth with a surface area of 66,000 km2. The main volume of water comes from glaciers feeding into the two main rivers, the Syr Darya and the Amu Darya. In ancient times the Aral Sea region was an oasis, where thousands of people lived as fishermen, farmers, merchants, hunters and craftsmen.
Some Trends in Water use
20: What are the two biggest users of freshwater withdrawals?
Irrigation and thermoelectric industry
Water Conservation
21: What are some of the suggestions for improved irrigation to conserve water?
What are some of the benefits of using reclaimed water?
People living around the commpany don't have enough of money to live it because the reclaimed water is cheaper than normal water. The reclaimed water has been traces of the phosphorus and the nitrogen.
1: What are some of the factors that make water so special?
The water is have a really high capacity that can absorb and store the heat. It also have high surface tension and it can dissolve a great variety of compounds, it compound when solid form that lighter than the liquid form.
2: What is the largest reservoir of water on Earth?
Ocean
What is the largest reservoir of freshwater on Earth?
Lakes
3: What is the residence time of water in the atmosphere? Groundwater and Streams
9 days
4: What is the water table?
Upper surface of groundwater below which soil is saturated with water that fills all voids and interstices, and where the pressure of water in the soil equals the atmospheric pressure.
5: What is a discharge zone?
A designated body of water that prohibits the discharge of treated and untreated boat sewage.
6: What is an aquifer?
A body of saturated rock through which water can easily move
What is a cone of depression? How is it created?
The cone of depression is a valley, an upside-down cone of water, created by a well when it pulls groundwater to the surface of the earth to use for drinking water or electricity. As the well pulls water up from underground, soils falls inward, which creates a cone shape.
7: What is an effluent stream?
It maintained during the dry season which is by the groundwater seepage that is going into the stream channel .
What is a stream that flows all year called?
Perennial stream
8: What is an influent stream?
Positioned above the water table and discharges into the underlying groundwater system
What is a stream that doesn’t flow all year called?
Ephemeral stream
Water Supply: A U.S. Example
9: What is a water budget? How is it calculated?
The indoor and outdoor water budgets are the amount of water a household will require based on the size of the family, number and types of fixtures, and landscape needs.
Precipitation and Runoff Patterns
10: What is the average water use for people in the U.S.?
200 gallons/ person
What is the average water use for people in Europe?
100 gallons/ person
What is the average water use for people in Sub-Saharan Africa?
5 gallons/person
Groundwater Use and Problems
11: How many people in the U.S. use groundwater as a source of drinking water?
About half of people
12: What problems can groundwater overdraft cause?
Damage to river ecosystems and land subsidence
13: What is happening to the Ogallala Aquifer (High Plains Aquifer)?
The water at the OA( Ogallala Aquifer) has been use 20x than the rate at naturally replaces. The water table is declined and it cause the yield to decease and also the energy cost for the pumping the water to rise.
Desalination as a Water Source
14: What is the percentage of salt in saltwater? ______%
3.5%
15: To be used as a freshwater source, the salt content must be reduced to about ____%
0.05%
16: What are some of the environmental impacts of desalination?
It increase salinity in another body of water and it also kill plants and animals
Water Use
17: Describe the difference between off-stream use and in-stream use.
Off- stream use is water with drawn from surface or groundwater sources for use at another place.
In-stream use is refers to water use taking place within a stream channel.
18: What is one of the issues with off-stream use in the Pacific Northwest?
The issues with off stream use in the Pacific northwest is the fish. It has been decline because the other uses have been reduced stream flow to the point where the fish habitats are damaged.
19: Describe what happened to the Aral Sea.
The Aral Sea was once the fourth largest inland body of water on earth with a surface area of 66,000 km2. The main volume of water comes from glaciers feeding into the two main rivers, the Syr Darya and the Amu Darya. In ancient times the Aral Sea region was an oasis, where thousands of people lived as fishermen, farmers, merchants, hunters and craftsmen.
Some Trends in Water use
20: What are the two biggest users of freshwater withdrawals?
Irrigation and thermoelectric industry
Water Conservation
21: What are some of the suggestions for improved irrigation to conserve water?
Run your irrigation system during the morning hours, especially if you use sprinklers. Less water is lost to evaporation when the temperature is cooler, plus in most areas the wind doesn't blow as hard in the mornings. Watering in the evenings can lead to turf and plant disease problems because the water sits on the plants all night, especially in humid climates.
Public Supply and Domestic Use
22: Domestic use of water (homes) accounts for ____% of total national water withdrawals.
12%
23: What is Southern California (San Diego) doing to help with water shortages in the future?
It build desalination plants and they consider raise the height of dams
24: List 5 things that you can do at home to help conserve water usage
* Don't hose sidewalk
* turn off water when I don't use it
* don't take a shower to long
*use drip irrigation
*flush when necessary
Virtual Water
25: What is virtual water?
Refers to the hidden flow of water if food or other commodities are traded from one place to another
26: How much water does it take to make a cup of coffee?
40 gallons
27: How much water does it take to raise beef?
15500 m ^3
Wetlands
28: How do we define wetlands?
Dams and the Environment
32: Explain the environmental impacts of dams
33: What are the PROS and CONS of the Three Gorges Dam?
34: What are some of the issues associated with removing of dams?
Many legal issues are associated with removal of a dam. Decisions about whether or not to remove a dam are often made in the context of regulatory proceedings.
Global Water Shortage Linked to Food Supply
35: What are the environmental issues associated with global water shortage and food supply?
The environmental issues associated with global water shortage and food supply is the groundwater, it being depleted the bodies of the water are drying up.
36: Water is one of our most abundant resources, why are we concerned about its availability in the future?
We concerned about its availability in the future because the population is growing and it more water will be used in the future.
Study Questions
1: Which is more important from a national point of view, conservation of water use in agriculture or in urban areas? Why?
Public Supply and Domestic Use
22: Domestic use of water (homes) accounts for ____% of total national water withdrawals.
12%
23: What is Southern California (San Diego) doing to help with water shortages in the future?
It build desalination plants and they consider raise the height of dams
24: List 5 things that you can do at home to help conserve water usage
* Don't hose sidewalk
* turn off water when I don't use it
* don't take a shower to long
*use drip irrigation
*flush when necessary
Virtual Water
25: What is virtual water?
Refers to the hidden flow of water if food or other commodities are traded from one place to another
26: How much water does it take to make a cup of coffee?
40 gallons
27: How much water does it take to raise beef?
15500 m ^3
Wetlands
28: How do we define wetlands?
Area inundates by water
29: Wetlands are very important, what are the natural service functions of wetlands?
The natural service functions of wetlands is highly productive and it are the places where many of nutrients and the chemicals are naturally cycled.
30: How much of the original wetlands of the U.S. have disappeared? ____%
50%
Restoration of Wetlands
31: What did the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 require?
It require damage to wetlands by a particular project
29: Wetlands are very important, what are the natural service functions of wetlands?
The natural service functions of wetlands is highly productive and it are the places where many of nutrients and the chemicals are naturally cycled.
30: How much of the original wetlands of the U.S. have disappeared? ____%
50%
Restoration of Wetlands
31: What did the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 require?
It require damage to wetlands by a particular project
Dams and the Environment
32: Explain the environmental impacts of dams
The dam wall itself blocks fish migrations, which in some cases and with some species completely separate spawning habitats from rearing habitats. The dam also traps sediments, which are critical for maintaining physical processes and habitats downstream of the dam
33: What are the PROS and CONS of the Three Gorges Dam?
For pro is that the world largest dam, it nearly 600 km long and produces 18000 MW of electricity.
For cons is the farm field and sites is cause the extinction of the Baiji Dolphin
34: What are some of the issues associated with removing of dams?
Many legal issues are associated with removal of a dam. Decisions about whether or not to remove a dam are often made in the context of regulatory proceedings.
Global Water Shortage Linked to Food Supply
35: What are the environmental issues associated with global water shortage and food supply?
The environmental issues associated with global water shortage and food supply is the groundwater, it being depleted the bodies of the water are drying up.
36: Water is one of our most abundant resources, why are we concerned about its availability in the future?
We concerned about its availability in the future because the population is growing and it more water will be used in the future.
Study Questions
1: Which is more important from a national point of view, conservation of water use in agriculture or in urban areas? Why?
i think it is more important to conserve water use in agriculture rather than in urban areas from national point of view. Different crops like paddy, wheat, maize etc. are the main agricultural products which are necessary for us to run our life. Agro-products like cotton plant etc. are also important rawmaterials for the promotion of industry. For this water and also other resources should be used properly. Maximum export of such goods helps to earn foreign currency which helps to uplift the country as water is the essential factors to grow yield good crops. this water and also other resources should be used properly. Maximum export of such goods helps to earn foreign currency which helps to uplift the country as water is the essential factors to grow yield good crops.