Carbon Cycle:
Go to http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/Water/co2_cycle.html and answer these
questions:
1. Draw the carbon cycle (on a separate piece of paper)
See the below:
2. How does carbon exist in the atmosphere?
The atmosphere has not held this much carbon for at least 420,000 years according to data from ice cores. More greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide in our atmosphere are causing our planet to become warmer.
3. How are fossil fuels created? Explain.
Fossil fuels were formed from plants and animals that lived up to about 300 million years ago. The Sun passed solar energy to the plants, and plants were eaten by animals. When the plants and animals died and started decaying, some of them got buried deep under the ground for many millions of years, where they turned into fossil fuels like coal, gas and crude oil.
4.Describe two ways that carbon enters the atmosphere.
From the natural carbon cycle out of the oceans, soil, and animals, and from the burning offossil fuels.
5. How are the oceans involved in the carbon cycle?
The oceans influence the climate by absorbing and storing the carbon dioxide
6. How is the temperature of the Earth partly controlled by carbon?
The gasses cover the earth and stops same heat from getting back out in to space which causes the world to heat up.
7. What role do rocks have within the carbon cycle?
As rocks are eroded, gases trapped in them will be released into the atmosphere so in a way rocks are "storage rooms" for gases just as our Earth is.
Go to http://www.windows.ucar.edu/earth/climate/carbon_cycle.html to play the carbon cycle game. You are a carbon atom!
8. Where are you starting within the carbon cycle?
“Click to begin your journey”
It start at atmosphere.
9. How much of the atmosphere is made of carbon dioxide (CO2)?
The amount of our planet’s atmosphere that is made up of CO2 is small compared to other gases such as nitrogen and oxygen, so scientists like me don’t track it in terms of percentages.
10. By how much has CO2 increased in the atmosphere during the past 150 years?
150 years ago the atmospheric concentration of CO2 was 280 ppm.
As you work through this game, take some notes about where you go as a carbon atom. Make sure you visit all reservoirs!
11. Next stop = ____Land Plant________________
What did you learn?
Take out of the atmosphere by a plant as it use the sun's energy to make the nutrition it needs. As more carbon dioxide is added to our atmosphere, plants will be able to grow faster.Plants also release carbon back to the atmosphere by respiration.
12. Next stop = _____________Atmosphere_________________
What did you learn?
little carbon atom, I will be stuck to 2 atoms of oxygen in a greenhouse gas called carbon dioxide. Only a small amount (0.04%) of the atmosphere is made of carbon dioxide, because of burning fossil fuels, the amount has increased 30% in the past 150 years.. More carbon dioxide in our atmosphere makes our planet warmer.
The deep ocean accounts for more than _____ % of the Earth’s carbon.
65%
How much carbon does the surface ocean absorb from the atmosphere each year?
90 gigatons
True or False: When plants die and decay, they bring carbon into soil.
True
13. Next stop = __________
Marine Life
What did you learn?
Tiny marine ofganisms called phytoplankton take in carbon to make the nutrition they need through a process called photosynthesis. The phytoplankton are eaten by larger marine life. Marine life cannot survive without carbon, but high levels of carbon disoved in ocean waters are harmful to marine organisms such as algae, mollusks and corals.
14. Next stop = _ Surface ocean
What did you learn?
Either I hot here by diffusing from the atmosphere by decomposing marine life, or from circulating water from the deep ocean. The ocean absorbs more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere than the land does. The surface ocean takes in approximately 90 Gigatons of carbon per year. Cold water absorbs carbon faster than warm water.
15. Next stop = ___________Deep Ocean____________________
What did you learn?
The deep ocean gets carbon from circulation with the surface ocean and dead and decaying marine life. When carbon gets to the deep ocean, it usually stays there for hunhreds of years before moving on. The deep ocean holds more than 65% of the Earth's carbon.
When carbon enters the deep ocean, how long does it stay there?
100 years
True or False: Phytoplankton are tiny plants and algae that float in the ocean and take up carbon dioxide as they grow.
True
True or False: Plants both absorb CO2 from the atmosphere and release it into the atmosphere.
False
Nitrogen Cycle:
Go to http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/onlcourse/chm110/outlines/nitrogencycle.html and
answer these questions.
16. What are the two conditions under which nitrogen will react with oxygen? (In other words, what is necessary for nitrogen in the air to combine with oxygen?)
atmospheric fixation by lightning
biological fixation by certain microbes
17. What are the two compounds that are formed when nitrogen combines with oxygen?
(N0 and N2O) which is Nitric and nitrous oxides
18. How does nitric acid (HNO3) form?Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) reacts with OH in the atmosphere to form nitric acid (HNO3).
It forms an azeotrope that has the composition 68% nitric acid and 32% water and that boils at 120.5°C.
19. Why is nitric acid (HNO3) important?
Nitric acid is a colorless to yellow or red liquid sometimes fuming reddish brown vapors with a suffocating odor. Nitric acid is soluble in water with release of heat. Nitric acid is corrosive to metals or tissue. Nitric acid will accelerate the burning of combustible materials and Nitric acid may even cause ignition upon contact with combustible material. Nitric acid is fully soluble in water and may react violently upon contact with water with the evolution of heat, fumes and spattering. Prolonged exposure to low concentrations or short term exposure to high concentrations may result in adverse health effects.
Go to: http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/N/NitrogenCycle.html and
answer these questions.
20. What percentage of the air we breathe is nitrogen?
Many of the essential gases industry needs are present around us in the air. Nitrogen makes up 78 percent of the air we breathe.
21. Even though considerable nitrogen is available in the air, most plants do not use the nitrogen (N2) found in the air. Why not?
Because they don't want to.
22. In what compounds can plants use nitrogen?
Both soil and the ocean contain archaeal microbes, assigned to the Crenarchaeota, that convert ammonia to nitrites.
23. How do animals get the nitrogen they need?
Animals get there nitrogen from eating another animal or other animals such as a type like scavengers they get there nitrogen from animals that are already dead.
24. Atmospheric nitrogen (N2) is pretty inert. This means that it does not easily break apart.
When molecules do not break apart easily, it is difficult (or impossible) for organisms to use
them as a nutrient source. As a result, nitrogen fixation is the term used to describe the
process of breaking up N2
.
a. What is atmospheric fixation?
the enormous energy of lightning breaks nitrogen molecules and enables their atoms to combine with oxygen in the air forming nitrogen oxides.
b. What is industrial fixation? [This is how artificial fertilizers are made.]
Nitrogen cycle
c. What is biological fixation? (In your answer, describe the types of plants associated with the symbiotic relationship.)
Nitrogen fixation is the process by which nitrogen is taken from its natural, relatively inert molecular form (N2) in the atmosphere and converted into nitrogen compounds (such as, notably, ammonia, nitrate and nitrogen dioxide n population genetics, fixation occurs when every individual within a population has the same allele at a particular locus.
Go to: http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/9s.html and answer these questions.
25. Draw the nitrogen cycle: On a separate piece of paper: (Remember there are other
diagrams on the previous websites.) If you’re not sure what a term means, look through the
reading and links for help.
See the below
26. Why is nitrogen needed by plants and animals?
The nitrogen needed by plants and animals because it want to make proteins and amino acids.
Go to http://www.mbgnet.net/fresh/cycle/index.htm. Answer the following questions.
1. Define "water cycle".
The cycle of evaporation and condensation that controls the distribution of the earth's water as it evaporates from bodies of water, condenses, precipitates, and returns to those bodies of water.
2. What fraction of the Earth’s surface is covered in water?
the 75 percent of the water
3. What percentage of all the Earth’s water is in a form that is useable to humans and land animals?
Only one percent.
Click on http://www.mbgnet.net/fresh/cycle/concepts.htm.Answer the following questions.
1. Evaporation is the process where a liquid changes from its __________ state to a ___________ state.
Gaseous state
liquid state
2. Why is evaporated water so clean?
During the process of evaporation, impurities in the water are left behind.
3. Condensation occurs when a ____________ is changed into a __________.
Liquid
Solid
4. Condensation is the opposite of ____________.
Vaporization
5. When the ________________ and ___________________ are right, the small droplets of water in clouds form larger droplets and precipitation occurs.
Rain
Snow
6. Define transpiration:
Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and itsevaporation from aerial parts especially from leaves but also from stems andflowers.
7. Define percolation:
Percolation is the process of a liquid slowly passing through a filter.
Go to http://www.mbgnet.net/fresh/cycle/cycle.htm. Answer the following questions.
1. Using the terms "evaporation", "condensation", and "precipitation", explain the water cycle in your own words.
Water is heated by the sun and evaporates into the atmosphere. In the atmosphere it condenses into clouds and falls back to earth in the form of precipitation.
2. What factor is most important in determining whether water is a solid, liquid, or gas?
Water's state (solid, liquid or gas) is determined mostly by temperature.
3. Is the amount of water on Earth always changing or is it a constant amount?
water on the earth remains constant
Go to http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/earth/Water/co2_cycle.html and answer these
questions:
1. Draw the carbon cycle (on a separate piece of paper)
See the below:
2. How does carbon exist in the atmosphere?
The atmosphere has not held this much carbon for at least 420,000 years according to data from ice cores. More greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide in our atmosphere are causing our planet to become warmer.
3. How are fossil fuels created? Explain.
Fossil fuels were formed from plants and animals that lived up to about 300 million years ago. The Sun passed solar energy to the plants, and plants were eaten by animals. When the plants and animals died and started decaying, some of them got buried deep under the ground for many millions of years, where they turned into fossil fuels like coal, gas and crude oil.
4.Describe two ways that carbon enters the atmosphere.
From the natural carbon cycle out of the oceans, soil, and animals, and from the burning offossil fuels.
5. How are the oceans involved in the carbon cycle?
The oceans influence the climate by absorbing and storing the carbon dioxide
6. How is the temperature of the Earth partly controlled by carbon?
The gasses cover the earth and stops same heat from getting back out in to space which causes the world to heat up.
7. What role do rocks have within the carbon cycle?
As rocks are eroded, gases trapped in them will be released into the atmosphere so in a way rocks are "storage rooms" for gases just as our Earth is.
Go to http://www.windows.ucar.edu/earth/climate/carbon_cycle.html to play the carbon cycle game. You are a carbon atom!
8. Where are you starting within the carbon cycle?
“Click to begin your journey”
It start at atmosphere.
9. How much of the atmosphere is made of carbon dioxide (CO2)?
The amount of our planet’s atmosphere that is made up of CO2 is small compared to other gases such as nitrogen and oxygen, so scientists like me don’t track it in terms of percentages.
10. By how much has CO2 increased in the atmosphere during the past 150 years?
150 years ago the atmospheric concentration of CO2 was 280 ppm.
As you work through this game, take some notes about where you go as a carbon atom. Make sure you visit all reservoirs!
11. Next stop = ____Land Plant________________
What did you learn?
Take out of the atmosphere by a plant as it use the sun's energy to make the nutrition it needs. As more carbon dioxide is added to our atmosphere, plants will be able to grow faster.Plants also release carbon back to the atmosphere by respiration.
12. Next stop = _____________Atmosphere_________________
What did you learn?
little carbon atom, I will be stuck to 2 atoms of oxygen in a greenhouse gas called carbon dioxide. Only a small amount (0.04%) of the atmosphere is made of carbon dioxide, because of burning fossil fuels, the amount has increased 30% in the past 150 years.. More carbon dioxide in our atmosphere makes our planet warmer.
The deep ocean accounts for more than _____ % of the Earth’s carbon.
65%
How much carbon does the surface ocean absorb from the atmosphere each year?
90 gigatons
True or False: When plants die and decay, they bring carbon into soil.
True
13. Next stop = __________
Marine Life
What did you learn?
Tiny marine ofganisms called phytoplankton take in carbon to make the nutrition they need through a process called photosynthesis. The phytoplankton are eaten by larger marine life. Marine life cannot survive without carbon, but high levels of carbon disoved in ocean waters are harmful to marine organisms such as algae, mollusks and corals.
14. Next stop = _ Surface ocean
What did you learn?
Either I hot here by diffusing from the atmosphere by decomposing marine life, or from circulating water from the deep ocean. The ocean absorbs more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere than the land does. The surface ocean takes in approximately 90 Gigatons of carbon per year. Cold water absorbs carbon faster than warm water.
15. Next stop = ___________Deep Ocean____________________
What did you learn?
The deep ocean gets carbon from circulation with the surface ocean and dead and decaying marine life. When carbon gets to the deep ocean, it usually stays there for hunhreds of years before moving on. The deep ocean holds more than 65% of the Earth's carbon.
When carbon enters the deep ocean, how long does it stay there?
100 years
True or False: Phytoplankton are tiny plants and algae that float in the ocean and take up carbon dioxide as they grow.
True
True or False: Plants both absorb CO2 from the atmosphere and release it into the atmosphere.
False
Nitrogen Cycle:
Go to http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/onlcourse/chm110/outlines/nitrogencycle.html and
answer these questions.
16. What are the two conditions under which nitrogen will react with oxygen? (In other words, what is necessary for nitrogen in the air to combine with oxygen?)
atmospheric fixation by lightning
biological fixation by certain microbes
17. What are the two compounds that are formed when nitrogen combines with oxygen?
(N0 and N2O) which is Nitric and nitrous oxides
18. How does nitric acid (HNO3) form?Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) reacts with OH in the atmosphere to form nitric acid (HNO3).
It forms an azeotrope that has the composition 68% nitric acid and 32% water and that boils at 120.5°C.
19. Why is nitric acid (HNO3) important?
Nitric acid is a colorless to yellow or red liquid sometimes fuming reddish brown vapors with a suffocating odor. Nitric acid is soluble in water with release of heat. Nitric acid is corrosive to metals or tissue. Nitric acid will accelerate the burning of combustible materials and Nitric acid may even cause ignition upon contact with combustible material. Nitric acid is fully soluble in water and may react violently upon contact with water with the evolution of heat, fumes and spattering. Prolonged exposure to low concentrations or short term exposure to high concentrations may result in adverse health effects.
Go to: http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/N/NitrogenCycle.html and
answer these questions.
20. What percentage of the air we breathe is nitrogen?
Many of the essential gases industry needs are present around us in the air. Nitrogen makes up 78 percent of the air we breathe.
21. Even though considerable nitrogen is available in the air, most plants do not use the nitrogen (N2) found in the air. Why not?
Because they don't want to.
22. In what compounds can plants use nitrogen?
Both soil and the ocean contain archaeal microbes, assigned to the Crenarchaeota, that convert ammonia to nitrites.
23. How do animals get the nitrogen they need?
Animals get there nitrogen from eating another animal or other animals such as a type like scavengers they get there nitrogen from animals that are already dead.
24. Atmospheric nitrogen (N2) is pretty inert. This means that it does not easily break apart.
When molecules do not break apart easily, it is difficult (or impossible) for organisms to use
them as a nutrient source. As a result, nitrogen fixation is the term used to describe the
process of breaking up N2
.
a. What is atmospheric fixation?
the enormous energy of lightning breaks nitrogen molecules and enables their atoms to combine with oxygen in the air forming nitrogen oxides.
b. What is industrial fixation? [This is how artificial fertilizers are made.]
Nitrogen cycle
c. What is biological fixation? (In your answer, describe the types of plants associated with the symbiotic relationship.)
Nitrogen fixation is the process by which nitrogen is taken from its natural, relatively inert molecular form (N2) in the atmosphere and converted into nitrogen compounds (such as, notably, ammonia, nitrate and nitrogen dioxide n population genetics, fixation occurs when every individual within a population has the same allele at a particular locus.
Go to: http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/9s.html and answer these questions.
25. Draw the nitrogen cycle: On a separate piece of paper: (Remember there are other
diagrams on the previous websites.) If you’re not sure what a term means, look through the
reading and links for help.
See the below
26. Why is nitrogen needed by plants and animals?
The nitrogen needed by plants and animals because it want to make proteins and amino acids.
Go to http://www.mbgnet.net/fresh/cycle/index.htm. Answer the following questions.
1. Define "water cycle".
The cycle of evaporation and condensation that controls the distribution of the earth's water as it evaporates from bodies of water, condenses, precipitates, and returns to those bodies of water.
2. What fraction of the Earth’s surface is covered in water?
the 75 percent of the water
3. What percentage of all the Earth’s water is in a form that is useable to humans and land animals?
Only one percent.
Click on http://www.mbgnet.net/fresh/cycle/concepts.htm.Answer the following questions.
1. Evaporation is the process where a liquid changes from its __________ state to a ___________ state.
Gaseous state
liquid state
2. Why is evaporated water so clean?
During the process of evaporation, impurities in the water are left behind.
3. Condensation occurs when a ____________ is changed into a __________.
Liquid
Solid
4. Condensation is the opposite of ____________.
Vaporization
5. When the ________________ and ___________________ are right, the small droplets of water in clouds form larger droplets and precipitation occurs.
Rain
Snow
6. Define transpiration:
Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and itsevaporation from aerial parts especially from leaves but also from stems andflowers.
7. Define percolation:
Percolation is the process of a liquid slowly passing through a filter.
Go to http://www.mbgnet.net/fresh/cycle/cycle.htm. Answer the following questions.
1. Using the terms "evaporation", "condensation", and "precipitation", explain the water cycle in your own words.
Water is heated by the sun and evaporates into the atmosphere. In the atmosphere it condenses into clouds and falls back to earth in the form of precipitation.
2. What factor is most important in determining whether water is a solid, liquid, or gas?
Water's state (solid, liquid or gas) is determined mostly by temperature.
3. Is the amount of water on Earth always changing or is it a constant amount?
water on the earth remains constant